Bioerosion and Reef Ecology Essay example -- Bioeroding Ecosystem Ecol

Bioerosion and Reef EcologyThe breakdown of calcareous substrates among coral reefs, or bioerosion, is a facet of reef ecology too often forgotten. The process plays a much more important role than it is usually credited with. Bioeroding species, consisting of many distinct types of organisms that act on the environment in a seemingly endless variety of ways, interact with the ecosystem and with each other as part of the reef ripening and degradation cycle. The degradation portion of this cycle, the part that is most often overlooked, is essential for the development of reefs as the diverse and beautiful habitats that we know them as. Bioerosive interactions are very complex, and a general understanding of the process of bioerosion is necessary to gain a solid understanding of the reef ecosystem.IntroductionWhat is the significance, if any, of bioerosion in respect to a reefs ecosystem? How does bioerosion take place, and what effects does it have on the biology of a reef? These a re important questions to ask, as the processes that take place inside deadened coral skeletons or over long periods of time generally happen beyond the perception of the human eye or mind, and thus are often looked over.Bioerosion, be for this paper as the biological breakdown of substrates (specifically the calcareous skeletons of corals and other reef organisms), is half of the process of reef growth and decay and is too often looked upon as a negative force in reef dynamics. Not only is bioerosion the occasional victim of a generally negative sentiment, but bioerosion is sometimes evidently forgotten from scientific literature. For example, Australias Great Barrier Reef attributes the whole of physical breakdown of dead coral skeleton... ...-604.LeCampion-Alsumard, T., Golubic, S., Hutchings, P. (1995). Microbial endoliths in skeletons of live and dead corals Porites lobata (Moorea, French Polynesia). Marine Ecology. Progress Series 11, 149-157.Naylor, L.A., Viles, H. A., an d Carter, N.E.A. (2002). Biogeomorphology revisited looking towards the future. Geomorphology. deal 47. Issue 1. pp. 3-14.Rouse, Greg W., and Fredrik Pleijel. (2001). Polychaetes. Oxford University Press, Inc. New York. Spencer, T., and Viles, H. (2002). Bioconstruction, bioerosion, and disturbance on tropical coasts coral reefs and rocky limestone shores. Geomorphology. Volume 48. Issues 1-3. pp. 23-50. Zubia, M. and M. Peyrot-Clausade. (2001). Internal bioerosion of Acropora formosa in Reunion (Indian Ocean) microborer and macroborer activities. Oceanologica Acta. Vol. 24, Issue 3. pp. 251-262.

The French Lieutenants Woman as Victorian Realistic Novel Essay

The French Lieutenants Woman as puritanical Realistic Novel Although The French Lieutenants Woman was create verbally and cinematized in the 20th century and is based on a modern film production of a piece of 19th century fiction, the stories and plots themselves have contextual elements of a Victorian Realistic Novel. Despite the inability to accurately and directly compare it with that of true Victorian literature, many of the same elements can be order and parallel one another. Some of the elements of present day contemporary novels still bear a resemblance to their Victorian predecessors. The French Lieutenants Woman can be considered a Realistic novel because its subjects are of people living in society and their relationships more specifically, love, courtship, money, marriage, infidelity, and social problems of the time (Agatucci, 2001). This can be contrasted to heroic, fantastic reckon or sensationalized plots of a Romance (Agatucci, 2001). In this case, realistic ca tegory fits for both past and present versions of the plot . In addition, the plot itself runs a course determine by cause and effect logic and determinism, as opposed being influenced by the divine or supernatural and be predetermined (Agatucci, 2001). The characters and conflicts can be hazy as to who is the hero and villain, their qualities are a mix of both good and bad, strong and weak, and they are not idealized like that of a classical hero (Agatucci, 2001). For example, we wish for the main characters in The French Lieutenants Woman to find love and happiness with each other, but their affairs are leaven and they are betraying others. Yet the characters do not possess the extreme elements of the Byronic hero, which is mostly a ... ...irs happening at the same time (Agatucci, 2001). The lack of continuity allows for objurgation and comparison not only of life then and now, how we allow ourselves to be wisked off into a world of invention and illusion. When we are willin g participants, the other hammy devices such as setting, character and plot development, and a realistic theme will then have a stronger influence on our imagination. Despite of our ken that the stories are fiction, our need to be entertained suspends our disbelief this one of the few characteristics we have very much in common with those living in the Victorian era. Works Cited Longman, (2000). The Longman Anthology of British Literature, vol. B. Damrosch, D. (ed.). NY, LA Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Agatucci, C. (2001). ENG 103, Survey of British Literature. Central Oregon Community College.

Impact of Advertising on American Society Essay -- BTEC Business Marke

Impact of Advertising on Ameri quarter SocietyAmerican society has changed drastically over the past years and some population say advertisements reflect the society that we live in now. Advertising in our society pass ons unhealthy habits, focuses in on our weaknesses and leads us to believe that we are materialistic. Advertisements can also change our vision of reality and makes us believe the impossible. Advertisements use perk upual and racial stereotypes to help sell their products. People in our society encourage the commercials that demonstrate these things, like focus in on our weaknesses.A recent commercial I just saw advertising for Pizza Hut uses sex and famous people to promote their product. The ad was introducing their new Four for All pizza. Jessica Simpson, a young popular singer, was eating this new pizza ( quadruplet separate squares, with four different toppings but considered one pizza) and Kermit the catch was in the same room with all the Muppets. Jessica Si mpson said to Kermit, Kermmy, there is some for you, your favorite. Kermit then blushed and floating hearts appeared in a higher place his head. The next scene was Jessica Simpson sits on the couch next to Kermit, and Miss Piggy walked over to Jessica and pushed her off the couch because she was jealous. Then the slogan came on the screen, Everyone Gets What They Want. Then, their famous slogan, rumple Round the Good Stuff. This commercial in a way does reflect our society. The producers put famous people or characters in this commercial, Jessica Simpson and the Muppets, to get more packaging so more people will actually watch it and pay attention to it. Or maybe the producers thought that people would think since Jessica Simpson or Kermit the Frog eat this new pizz... ...d it was very inappropriate for television. The whole point is, that commercial will stick in the head and this will give more forwarding for Budweiser, even if it was unacceptable to a lot of people. I never actually saw it, but I read an article about it in the newspaper. So I prove my point, that it will stick in peoples heads since it was so controversial. It did for me at least People will always remember commercials that were offend and debatable. Producers are only trying to please our society.So overall, I definitely believe advertising is based on our society. We live in a piece where everything has to be easier and more convenient for us, that we need to get everything we can, and we strive to be perfect. Advertising does focus in on our weaknesses and does lead us to unhealthy habits. So we are the ones that make advertisements the way are today.

Christopher Columbus :: Christopher Columbus Essays

Christopher Columbus is the around well known explorer by most school age children. When children are young, teachers tell them that Columbus was a very good person, a hero all the same. To be politically correct though, Christopher Columbus brought expiry and destruction with him to the Americas. He stole, killed, and tortured the natives. Christopher Columbus was not a true explorer, but he was a conqueror of people. When Christopher Columbus set out on his voyage (August 3rd, 1492) to find a new route to the Indies there was no way that he could know that it would turn out the way it did. When he land at the Caribbean Islands (October 12th, 1492), the people there were scared, but still sociable toward him. This next quote is from Columbus journal As I saw that they were very friendly to us, and perceived that they could be much more easily converted to our holy faith by gentle means than by force, Weapons they throw off n champion, nor are acquaint with them, for I show ed them swords which they grasped by the blades, and cut themselves through ignorance, But they seemed on the whole to me, to be a very poor people. They all go completely naked, even the women. I was very attentive to them, and strove to learn if they had any gold. Seeing some of them with little bits of this metal hanging at their noses As you can see it was very easy for Columbus to take them over and treat them badly because they had no protection. That is a good example to show how cruel Columbus could act toward people he knew couldnt fight back. This is one proof of Christopher Columbus being a conqueror. In the movie we watched in class, it told us how Columbus was just out to get gold and riches. He ordered the natives to proclaim him governor of the lands. Since he was governor he made a law that said the natives had to bring him one bag of gold dust every three months. If they did not give him this gold (simply because their wasnt that much gold on the islands) he would o rder to have their hands cut off, and they would bleed to death. If they escaped, then he would hunt them down with dogs. Christopher Columbus also ordered his men to hang and burn some natives that wouldnt do exactly as he told them.

The Accuracy of Weather Prediction Essay -- Meteorology

The purpose of this paper is to explain the says being made in technology and algorithms in helping advance the accuracy of forecasting. It will contrast the forecasting methods of several decades ago with forecasting methods in use today. In discussing how errors can accumulate over time and providing honest mathematical formulas as examples, this paper intends to show how the repetition of minor errors can affect the accuracy of weather predictions. IntroductionBack in the days of doubting Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, weather observations were recorded daily but not hourly or by the minute. Such repetition of data didnt seem useful. After the electrify was invented which enabled information about weather data to be transmitted across the country, they still reported only once a day. In contrast to todays practical(prenominal) world of weather, making 24/7 use of climate data from satellites, buoys in the oceans, the ability to record worldwide temperatures, worldwide rainfall records, track odorize speeds, pressure pulses of solar wind, carbon dioxide levels, tornadoes and hurricanes...etc (Harris, 2012).An early pioneer of meteorology was Vilhelm Bjerknes, and his son Jacob, who described the lifecycle of the extratropical cyclone and shared his ideas for scientific weather forecasting. Bjerknes was disappointed over the unscientific methods of meteorology at the time, which, in contrast was making precise predictions in astronomy and meteorology as he felt, was at a standstill. His goal was to introduce scientific concepts to meteorology. According to Bjerknes, the two main ingredients in weather forecasting was knowledge of the atmosphere and accurate knowledge of the physical laws that govern it. Bjerknes identified pressu... ...Went Wrong?.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/ insertions. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from www.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/PresentationNOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. (n.d.). NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Retrieved F ebruary 18, 2012, from http//www.esrl.noaa.gov/Vanorsow. (2010, July 17). The Teaching come with User Community View topic - 23. Prediction and Predictability. The Teaching Company User Community Index. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//teachingcompany.12.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=3034 withstand Modeling and Prediction. (2011, May 16). NOAAs Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http//www.oar.noaa.gov/weather/t_modeling.htmlThe Weather Research&Forecasting Model Website. (n.d.). The Weather Research&Forecasting Model Website. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//wrf-model.org/index.php

The Accuracy of Weather Prediction Essay -- Meteorology

The purpose of this paper is to explain the advances being made in technology and algorithms in helping advance the accuracy of foretelling. It will contrast the forecasting methods of several decades ago with forecasting methods in use today. In discussing how errors can accumulate over time and providing simple mathematical formulas as examples, this paper intends to sharpen how the repetition of minor errors can affect the accuracy of weather predictions. IntroductionBack in the days of Thomas Jefferson and George Washington, weather observations were recorded daily but not hourly or by the minute. Such repetition of entropy didnt seem useful. After the telegraph was invented which enabled information about weather data to be transmitted across the country, they still reported only once a day. In contrast to todays virtual world of weather, qualification 24/7 use of climate data from satellites, buoys in the oceans, the ability to record worldwide temperatures, worldwide rain fall records, track wind speeds, pressure pulses of solar wind, carbon dioxide levels, tornadoes and hurricanes...etc (Harris, 2012).An earlier pioneer of meteorology was Vilhelm Bjerknes, and his son Jacob, who described the lifecycle of the extratropical cyclone and shared his ideas for scientific weather forecasting. Bjerknes was disappointed over the unscientific methods of meteorology at the time, which, in contrast was making precise predictions in astronomy and meteorology as he felt, was at a standstill. His goal was to introduce scientific concepts to meteorology. According to Bjerknes, the two main ingredients in weather forecasting was knowledge of the atmosphere and accurate knowledge of the physical laws that govern it. Bjerknes identified pressu... ...Went Wrong?.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/Presentations. Retrieved February 19, 2012, from www.ncep.noaa.gov/nwp50/PresentationNOAA reason System Research Laboratory. (n.d.). NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory. Retrieved Febr uary 18, 2012, from http//www.esrl.noaa.gov/Vanorsow. (2010, July 17). The Teaching Company User Community View topic - 23. Prediction and Predictability. The Teaching Company User Community Index. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//teachingcompany.12.forumer.com/viewtopic.php?t=3034 brave out Modeling and Prediction. (2011, May 16). NOAAs Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research. Retrieved February 17, 2012, from http//www.oar.noaa.gov/weather/t_modeling.htmlThe Weather Research&Forecasting Model Website. (n.d.). The Weather Research&Forecasting Model Website. Retrieved February 18, 2012, from http//wrf-model.org/index.php